Business Atlas

How Enterprise Is Built
Management Theories

Expectancy Theory

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Victor Vroom's 1964 theory that motivation is a product of expectancy, instrumentality and valence: a person's belief that effort leads to performance, that performance leads to reward, and how much that reward is personally valued. In management practice it implies rewards should be tied closely and visibly to performance, and that training which strengthens an employee's confidence that effort actually improves outcomes raises motivation in its own right.

Facts
Core Claim
An individual chooses how to behave based on the expected result of that behavior: motivational force is a function of expectancy (belief that effort produces performance), instrumentality (belief that performance yields reward) and valence (how much the individual values that reward). 1
Origin Year
1964 2
Cross-Tradition Connections

Developed By

Sources
1. Wikipedia, Expectancy Theory
Wikipedialead section, Model
Quote, lead section, Model
Motivational Force (MF) = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
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1. Wikipedia, Expectancy Theory
WikipediaApplication
Quote, Application
organizations should relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are deserved and wanted by the recipients
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2. Wikipedia, Victor Vroom
WikipediaNotable worksView the Source
2. Wikipedia, Victor Vroom
WikipediaDeveloped By: Victor VroomView the Source
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