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Business Models

Payment for Order Flow

Pricing and Revenue-Structure Models

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Payment for order flow, or PFOF, is a business model in which a stockbroker is compensated by a market maker for routing the trades of its clients to that market maker, who profits from the spread between the purchase and sale price and passes a portion of that profit back to the broker. Some of the resulting benefit can be passed on to the retail customer as price improvement, often measured in fractions of a cent per share, and the practice was a key factor in the elimination of most brokerage commissions in the United States and parts of Europe. It remains controversial, criticized by some as a kickback that creates a conflict of interest and reduces market transparency, while others in finance and policy view it more favorably.

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Associated With

Robinhood, Products and Services

Robinhood zero-commission stock trading model is funded substantially through payment for order flow, the practice that drew the company an SEC enforcement action and fine in 2020.

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